In Durham, the City-County Building & Safety Department issues building permits for the city and the county, and it requires one for any project with load bearing work or more than $40,000 in market value. That list doesn't settle whether a plain attic insulation job needs one, so before we start, we check with the permit office that covers your address.
Where a permit is needed, we handle the paperwork and meet the inspector, and no work starts until the permit is issued. Wiring is its own matter, because the city requires an electrical permit to install, repair or alter wiring, apart from minor fixture swaps in one and two family homes. So if a light or fan in the attic needs rewiring, that work gets its own permit.
Durham has everything from older houses with thin, settled insulation to newer ones where the room over the garage runs hot all summer. We see the same mix in Chapel Hill and Raleigh, and we do the same work there.